Introduction Of Business Law Coursework Assignment

Introduction to Business Law Coursework Assignment Question 1 Part 1: In the English system, there are two laws that have a huge and fundamental impact on the English law. These two laws are the most common type of laws that are carried out within the court, either in Crown Court or the Magistrate’s Court. Depending on the seriousness of the damage caused by the breaking the law, not all prosecutions are carried out in the Crown Court. The English Law coincides within two countries of Great Britain and they are England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. The English common law is made up of judges sitting in court and applying laws and rights to the facts that are presented to them. The first law which is the civil law deal with matters between the individuals such as friends, family or business partners. This type of law will deal with areas such as breaching a contract, tort of negligence or the selling and supplying of goods within a business or even a small shop. Civil law is derived and originated within Europe which its original framework started off within the late Roman law. Civil Law is different compared to Criminal Law due to the prosecutions being different. Civil Law would prosecute a certain individual which would mainly be compensations for damages caused. On the other hand, Criminal Law is completely different compared to Civil Law and has a different way of prosecuting individuals to minor or major crimes that they have caused. No matter in which partShow MoreRelatedEssay On Professional Development1194 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Development System for Adjunct Instructors of University Coursework Staffing Needs Considerations ABA Technologies, Inc. contracts to provide university online courses for professional development, various certifications and a hybrid Master of Arts in Professional Behavior Analysis. In addition, my company provides professional consults, workshops, and webinars. 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Civil Engineering - 10763 Words

Civil Construction Materials. | | The material used for construction or the materials used to produce other materials which may be used in construction is called construction material. construction material are: Cement,sand ,water. Concrete, Lime, Stones, Paints and Varnishes, Wood and Timber, Engineering Metals, Bituminous materials and Plastics, Rubber and Glass, Miscelleneous materials, http://www.aboutcivil.org/engineering-materials.html Cement Bricklayer Joseph Asp din of Leeds, England first made portland cement early in the 19th century by burning powdered limestone and clay in his kitchen stove. Portland cement, the basic ingredient of concrete, is a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium,†¦show more content†¦* For brick work fine sand used must not be less than 1.2 to 1.5 and silt is preferred is 4 percent generally. * Concreting work require coarse sand in modulus of 2.5 to 3.5 with not less than 4 percent silt content. * http://www.sereneinteriors.com/building-construction/types-of-sand-construction.html water Pure and hygienic water is not only important for our life but also needed for quality construction. From the foundation till the completion of construction we must ensure the quality of water used. Here are few tips to know about water. Water is one of the most important elements in construction but people still ignore quality aspect of this element. The water is required for preparation of mortar, mixing of cement concrete and for curing work etc during construction work. The quality and quantity of water has much effect on the strength of mortar and cement concrete in construction work. Quality of Water The water used for mixing and curing should be clean and free from injurious quantities of alkalis, acid, oils, salt, sugar, organic materials, vegetable growth and other substances that may be deleterious to bricks, stone, concrete or steel. Potable water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing. The pH value of water should be not less than 6. Effects of Bad Quality Water on Cement Concrete It has been observed that certain common impurities in water affect theShow MoreRelatedThe Engineering Of Civil Engineering1486 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Engineering covers 19 areas of specialization ranging from geophysics engineering to transportation to construction. Civil engineers abide by many company and government policies in order to shape the modern physical and natural world. 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Codes Subsurface Environmental Simulation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Codes Subsurface Environmental Simulation. Answer: Introduction: The main strength of the shipping industry lies in its ability to move large quantity of the valuable cargos either through a direct voyage or in one go. For an instance it is seen that in Australia the cheapest means of transporting the coal is to South Korea. The main drawback is that the ship is not in a normal speed at which the cruise normally moves and it is expected to be 360 nautical miles per day on an average basis. it is seen that is in the modern days, it is quite slow to consider that specially that will help the ship to operate in a continuous way without any break. It has been quite ideal that South Korea often uses the air transport in order to deliver in Australia the panels that is solar through the air transport as it possess the major strength that is the speed to travel in comparison to the other modes of transport or communication modes management. It can be said that the longer the distance of the transport through the flight, the greater it saves the time of the customers. The transport through the airways boasts the safety of the customers as one in the records. But this does not reduce its weakness in terms of the economy. In case of the freight a comparison can be drawn with the transports in the sea, that is the air transport is a very expensive expenditure with that of the ship that has the capacity to carry the cargo in a very small quantity. The design, packaging, planning and the forecast of the logistics has an optimization in the containers that are just in some ways different to be utilized in order to reduce the costs that is essential in providing it with more efficiency in the transportation. From the air and road level of transportation it is seen that it has the highest value of the solar components that is used for shipping of the solar panels by the ocean freight. It is also quite important to provide secured and adequate safety measures that has cost efficient services to their needs as well. There is a need to make the decision best by helping it to become educated about the various ways on how the charges of the carriers is required for the international shipping. The bill of the airlines is considered to be the chargeable weight. The weight that is charged is often calculated from the combination of the various sizes and weights that can be used for the shipping industry itself. The charges that is required for per container rates in the sea carriers or rather for shipping with the use of the standard containers that is usually from the 20 to 40 footers of being with the same common sizes. Instead the weight can be considered as the factor that is used into the pr ice from the sea carriers that often tends to be based more on the size of the shipment management. For an instance, the South Korea, can be regarded as the one with less shipping than the loads of the containers that has its price that is often determined by the cubic meters. The inclusion of heavier and the larger shipments it can be said to be more cheap to ship by the sea. It is evident that as the shipment gets smaller, the price margins also tries to get smaller and at one point it can be said that the prices are quite smaller and the air will even end up being less expensive. The coal that has been transported for an instance from the countries like Australia to South Korea in order to become the example that is ideal for the shipping industry that will be especially due to the handling with care and size of the cargo so that it becomes the transportation choice (Rodrigue, Comtois and Slack 2016). It can be considered as the major factor that is required in order to consider the services and the products as well. Whether it can be said that the solar panels or the coal that can be transported through the use of the ocean freight and the air freight that will eventually be stacked up against each other. The shipping charges in the air freights are considered to have much shorter history in comparison to the freights of the sea that will however seem to win the context in terms of reliability. It can be said that when transporting with the highly sensitive and sophisticated items that needs to be carefully packed in order to become the solar panels in this case that is also from South Korea and it can be considered as a wise choice to make that transportation through air in order to deliver the goods to Australia in regards to the other relevant factors. There is also a history of the delay in the flights that got delayed due to the various atmospheric changes that may be due to the bad weather or related to factors like the technical faults that may be incurred in a very sudden way. It can be said that the airlines have a tendency to move ahead of the schedules in order to save time so that it will become a definite factor in order to be pondered over . Through many of the businesses it can be said within a day or two that the delay has bought a serious impact on the different effects of the cost (Steefel et al. 2015). Bunker fuel prices From the ministries of transport it is quite evident that the international theories that has been published is eventually due to the percentages that might get increased in the crude oil prices and atleast by 0.25% in the increase of the ocean freights. The importance that has been provided to the paramount of the bunker fuels is primarily in the total costs of the sipping, the prices of the fuel that is volatile and may have an impact that is tremendous on the overall charges of the freights. The different types of the commodity, their sizes and the volumes needs to be all in a play that has a comparative higher significant part on the costs of the transportation. When the coal is being transported and has its solar panels that is between the two different countries that has two different weights or the cubic volumes that may be required by different holding facilities like the cargo that may also have a varying implications in the cost. The example of the coal that has been exported is often in a bulk career vessels or bulk commodity that helps in generally assisting the facility that has to be allocated in making necessary cargo spaces and holds to carry the tonnage that is necessary in making their economy in a leading scale as well. Therefore shipping companies are more willing to shake hands with the freight owners due to the advantages created by economies of scale and greater certainty regarding utilisation. The volumes that has low trades often helps in the export ation of the solar panels from South Korea to Australia that has serviced quite small amount of vessels and that will also help them in having a better option that will make for an instance the fare of the air freights in a more increased way rather than reducing the scale of the economy. The ports are often incharge of assisting and handling the sea trades that will provide well the distribution facility and storage that will become a vital exchange in between the trades management of South Korea and Australia.it can be said that as a matter of fact that the investment is quite costly that will eventually equip the ports with equipment that is for handling the capsize and making the vessels for the post paramax. While larger ports tend to be more efficient a number of investigations have suggested that access to ports is considered to be of uttermost importance in order to reduce transport costs because ocean transport is more efficient cost wise for the sector of coal transport. It can be said that the size of the freight task, locations and the availability of loading and unloading facilities and physical restrictions and the availability of backhauls all contribute to mode choice decisions and transport costs. Basic structure of solar panel transportation In a globalised industry the production that is taking place between South Korea and the different consumers of Australia has solar panels that are expected to be highly valuable goods and must be shipped over through the ocean to a very long distance. The shipment container is considered to have a safe and enclosed package that is made primarily for the transportation of the solar panels. The key factors that may be considered is the influence of the high level in the potential damages to the solar panels that is used during the process of transportation that includes the acceleration forces as well as the movements. At sea, rolling and pitching tend to create steady acceleration forces. By comparison rail and road modes tend to produce irregular acceleration forces as well. The start up of the engines,comering are all switches of the rails. Other contributing factors to the cost of transport include fuel, manpower, accidents, vehicle and equipment maintenance, regulatory compliances, accidents, profitability targets and market share. References Rodrigue, J.P., Comtois, C. and Slack, B., 2016.The geography of transport systems. Taylor Francis. Steefel, C.I., Appelo, C.A.J., Arora, B., Jacques, D., Kalbacher, T., Kolditz, O., Lagneau, V., Lichtner, P.C., Mayer, K.U., Meeussen, J.C.L. and Molins, S., 2015. Reactive transport codes Management for subsurface environmental simulation.Computational Geosciences,19(3), pp.445-478.

Terrorism in Hospitality Industry Essay Example

Terrorism in Hospitality Industry Essay â€Å"Don’t turn the war on terrorism into the war on tourism† (Zemsky, 2005) The term terrorism has evolved in its meaning since it was first introduced in 1790s during the violent period following the French Revolution, to what it is now as the acts of violence or brutality intended to gain political, religious or ideological objective through intimidation and instillation of fear in the targeted population (Jenkins, 2003; Enders and Sandler, 2002). In hospitality industry, concern regarding terrorism has been noticed since the mid-1980s, as cases of terrorism in tourism related sectors increased dramatically from 206 in 1972 to 3,010 in 1985 (d’Amore and Anunza, 1986). Since then, security is seen as crucial (Pizam and Mansfeld, 1996) and is increasingly intensified especially after the tragic events on September 11, 2001 (Cohen, 2002). Terrorism in hospitality industry is continuously happening. Post the 9/11 era, there have been many significant terrorism incidents targeting hotels worldwide (Guardian, 2009). Hospitality leaders need to be able to take proactive actions to minimize occurrence possibilities. However, managing security in hospitality industry is a little more complex when compared with other industries, and therefore required a different approach. This essay aims to critically analyze the unique challenges faced by hospitality industry in managing its security. Three main issues will be discussed thoroughly and some related examples will be presented as supporting explanations. Then, it will be followed by relevant recommendations regarding actions to be taken by the leaders in the hospitality industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Hospitality Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Hospitality Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Complexity of managing security in hospitality industry is primarily due to the nature of the industry itself. Hospitality is a business that revolves around offering friendly, welcoming, and generous treatment to its customers. Hotels in particular, emphasize a â€Å"home-from-home† concept that encourages guests to use facilities as if they were their own in order to make them feel as welcomed, comfortable, convenient and relaxed as possible (Ulph, 1996). It strives for making guests feel as if they were in their home on the one hand, while on the other hand needs to secure it against any possible criminal threats. As mentioned by Todd Brown, the executive director of United States Overseas Security Advisory Council, hospitality industry faces a contradictory problem in term that â€Å"they’re inviting people in and they want to be hospitable, but some are also operating in an environment that is real threatening, especially with terrorism† (Yu, 2008). While other businesses are able to opt for overt security practices, stringent security practices are often considered unacceptable in hospitality industry as guests wish to experience discreet high personalized service (Gill et al. 2002). Several London’s top hotels security managers stated that if not impossible, it is extremely difficult to ensure maximum security in line with maintaining high hospitality standards. Its unique context requires a compromise balance so that hospitable image can still be portrayed and terrorism threats can be prevented, avoiding damage caused by either service deterioration or severe terroris m impacts (Groenenboom and Jones, 2003). Even though there is no international standard, in most cases except for those located in high risk locations such as Israel, to be extremely overt by having uniformed security guard at every door may frighten guests. From the positive side, it does going to enhance protection for the guests, staffs and properties; however it is also going to promote the feeling as if they were in unsafe environment instead and discourage them from wanting to be there. One of international security and policing advisory companies stresses the point that good security practice should not be intrusive. Hospitality leaders should be able to provide discreet, professional and effective security; which is enough to deter threats and at the same time provide a sense of security for the guests (Capital Eye, 2011). One of the very good examples that represent an effective security approach that meets both requirements to be hospitable and safe is shown by several five and seven-star hotels in New Delhi. As host of XIX Commonwealth Games 2011, they not only implemented sophisticated technology but also hired detectives to keep an eye on their guests as part of heightened security measures during the Games to prevent terrorist attack (TNN, 2010). While the detectives were instructed to keep a close watch on the guests and their visitors, to observe their movement and report any suspicious activities, they were also instructed to be discreet and remain unnoticed. However, regardless of the super-tight security, guests should not feel disturbed or even feel that they are being watched. This shows that even though it is difficult to find the balance between hospitality versus security, some innovative approaches are available out there and the implementation will be truly favorable for the business. Next issue to be discussed is the vulnerability of hospitality industry which makes it an easy target for terrorists. The physical environment of the industry, for example in hotels, complicates the way security needs to be managed. As mentioned earlier they emphasize on â€Å"home-from-home† concept, and thus are built with aesthetics and comfort, not security and safety in mind (Goslin, 2008). As a public place with multiple entrances and exits as well as numerous arrivals and departures; everyone, including terrorists, can basically come in and walk around for 24/7 without really being noticed. Loading docks, garages, delivery vehicles, and luggage storage areas all present risks of their own (Cetron, 2004). In addition, the infrastructures also somewhat represent different vulnerabilities. HVAC and water supply systems, electric power and telecommunication services; all are exposed to danger (Homeland Security, 2004). Some researchers (Gill et al. 2002; Groenenboom and Jones, 2003) illustrate a hotel with all facilities that it offers, such as restaurants and bars, shops, leisure centers, nightclubs and so on, as a small city center. Therefore, various crimes that usually happen in the streets may also possibly happen in the hotel. Among all, restaurants face special risks that just a little inadvertence may provide an opportunity for terrorists to easily contaminate the food with bacteria, toxic chemicals or even radioactive materials (Cetron, 2004). It must be remembered that there are different modes of terrorist attacks. From his analysis regarding the logistical burden of each different attack mode, Baxter (2003) showed that the impact of successful biological attack, for example anthrax bacteria, can be many times larger than the impact of conventional bomb attack (Appendix). Even though the impacts can only be seen after some time if compared with immediate damage caused by bombs, it is still equally if not more devastating (Cetron, 2004). Most hotels currently are stuck with the â€Å"Maginot Line† syndrome in managing security in their properties. Security is ineffectively designed solely based on the existing gaps from previous attack to prevent it from reoccurring rather than based on foreseen future attacks, ignoring the fact that terrorists are consistently able to come up with new strategies to overcome the security countermeasures in place (Goslin, 2008). Exact example can be seen from Marriott Jakarta. After its entrance was being hit by suicide bombing in 2003, security guards started to vigorously search every coming guest for bombs and weapons at every lobby entrance. However, the staff entrance is completely forgotten until it was used by the hotel’s florist to smuggle in the bombs in 2009 (Jerard, Astuti and Feisal, 2009). As summarized by Cetron (2004), there are just too many access points which offer opportunities for attack. Vulnerability characteristics of hospitality industry often make it seen as soft-target for terrorist attack. Therefore, although chance of terrorist attack from happening is considered low (Mitroff, 2005), security is still necessary to be managed. Hospitality leaders may take some actions through implementation of new procedures such as luggage scanning upon arrival, metal detectors at entrances, forbidding long-term luggage storage or randomly requesting guests’ identification (Brady, 2009). Besides, from the Marriott Jakarta bombing in 2009, hospitality leaders should also learn that to know their own people well, such as through background check before hiring, and to use suppliers that also know their people will help to overcome the vulnerable characteristics of the industry. Lastly, it is extremely challenging to manage security in hospitality industry as it appears not only as soft-target, due to the hospitable and vulnerable characteristics as previously discussed; but also as tempting-target for terrorism attacks (Pizam, 2009). Hospitality industry organizations, especially the international chain ones are often regarded as representing the western ideologies that current terrorists are mostly fighting against. Because government establishments as the main targets have continuously improved their security defenses and become harder to be attacked; hotels are therefore chosen as secondary targets to represent attacks toward the respective governments (Richter and Waugh, 1986; Stratfor, 2005). For example, in November 2002, three suicide bombers detonated a bomb in Israeli-owned Paradise Hotel’s lobby which is located in Mombasa, Kenya, to show its opposition against Israel government (Daily Mail, 2002). And in August 2003, Canal Hotel in Baghdad, Iraq was also bombed because the hotel had been used by United Nations as its headquarters (UN, 2004). Not only international chain hotels, international guests are also frequently targeted as they symbolize wealth, freedom of choice or independence that is associated with western (Richter and Waugh, 1986). The terrorism impacts involving international guests as the victims is considered to provide guaranteed extensive international media coverage, which therefore allow terrorists to widely spread their messages and making them heard loud, clear and fast in the most effective manner (Sonmez, Apostolopoulos and Tarlow, 1999; Pizam 2009). Moreover, in September 2008, Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan was bombed when the entire Pakistan’s leaders, including president, prime minister and armed service chiefs, were rumored to have been scheduled for dinner over there (BBC, 2008). This shows that actually the hotel was just served as the third-party in the overall plan. As it is common for a hotel to host various events or conferences that may involve highly influential people or political figures as participant, which may be the target of terrorists, indirectly the hotel itself also faces the threat of danger. This latter issue is more likely beyond the control of the hospitality industry leaders. However, the fact that terrorist attacks do not usually occur at locally owned hotels that cater to domestic tourists (Pizam, 2009) exemplifies that hospitality leaders in international chain hotels may try to find strategies for their hotels to blend in with the local communities and create mix between domestic and international guests. In conclusion, all the issues discussed above; the difficulties in finding the balance between hospitality and security, the vulnerable characteristics, and its association with western ideologies which makes it appears as tempting-target for terrorism attacks; have led to certain complexity of security management in hospitality industry if compared with any other industries. Current and future hospitality leaders are required to have the abilities to cope with these issues as it has been widely agreed that for terrorists to strike is no longer a question of â€Å"if†, but rather a question of â€Å"when†, â€Å"how† and â€Å"how prepared† the hotel is to deal with it (Mitroff, 2005). Recent terrorist attacks on hotels worldwide (Guardian, 2009) have increasingly raised guests’ awareness regarding the importance of proper security management to be put in place. Security is becoming a major issue that affects guests’ decision when planning a hotel stay (Sonmez and Graefe, 1998a). Not only that, even for some hotels, security enhancement by having high-level security measures is now regarded as an important selling point (Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 2006). Therefore, a more proactive approach in managing security is extremely required (Ritchie, 2004). In addition to high technology investment like what Dorchester Hotel in London just recently did through the installation of new IP video surveillance management software (Milestone, 2009), employees also need to be trained to fully enhance the overall security measures quality. Employees must be the key focused elements that must be taken care of as in fact they are the ones behind all of the implemented systems and technologies, the ones who have the eyes and ears to recognize any suspicious activities. At last, having emotional intelligence, the ability to perceive, identify, and manage own emotions; as well as to understand others and having the knowledge or skills to manage relationship with others (Serrat, 2009); will help hospitality leaders to be able to do it all, to overcome all challenges and continuously come up with effective security plans and strategies, to make decisions and put them into real actions throughout daily operations, as well as to train the employees, that will result in superior level of security as a whole. ? List of References Baxter, P. 2003. â€Å"Can Terrorists Achieve CBRN Capability in 2004† in Managing Terrorism Risk. Newark, CA: Risk Management Solutions. BBC. 2008. Marriott ‘escape’ report denied [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. Brady, S. 2009. Wake-up call: Lessons learned from Mumbai [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 01. 11. 2011]. Capital Eye. 2011. Hotel Security Protecting Everybody’s Interests [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 30. 10. 2011]. Caterer and Hotelkeeper. 2006. Hotel security: An important selling point [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. Cetron, M. J. 2004. â€Å"Hospitality In The Age Of Terror†, HSMAI Marketing Review. Cohen, E. A. 2002. â€Å"Collective bargaining regarding safety and security issue†, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly. Vol. 43 No. 5, pp. 109-18. Daily Mail. 2002. Twelve quizzed after Kenya hotel blast [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 02. 11. 2011]. D’Amore, L. J. and Anunza, T. E. 1986. â€Å"International terrorism: implications and challenge for global tourism†, Business Quarterly, pp. 0-29. Enders, W. and Sandler, T. 2002. â€Å"Patterns of transnational terrorism, 1970–1999: Alternative time-series estimates†, International Studies Quarterly. Vol. 46, pp. 145–65. Gill, M. , et al. 2002 Security management and crime in hotels, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 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